They helped Hitler to organize a coup attempt-the infamous "beer hall putsch"-against the Bavarian government in Munich in 1923, but it failed. In 1921 Haushofer founded the paramilitary Storm Troopers ("Sturmabteiling", or SA), composed of German veterans of WWI and undercover military intelligence officers. In 1920 Hitler's intelligence handler, Munich-based colonel named Karl Haushofer, introduced the swastika insignia. He became party spokesman in 1919, renamed it the National Socalist German Workers Party (NSDAP/NAZI) and declared himself its Fuhrer (leader) one year later. Hitler soon joined the party with the help of his military intelligence ties. Hitler was drawn by party founder Dietrich Eckart, a morphine addict who propagated doctrines of mysticism and anti-Semitism. One such organization was the German Workers Party. He was assigned to spy on several radical political parties that were considered a threat to the German government.
In 1918, when the war ended, Hitler stayed in the army and was posted to the Intelligence division. Temporarily blinded after a gas attack in Flanders in 1918, he received the Iron Cross 2nd Class and was promoted from private to corporal.
He was assigned as a message runner but also saw combat. By this time Hitler had become an ardent German nationalist-although he was not German but Austrian-and when World War I broke out, he crossed into Germany and joined a Bavarian regiment in the German army. Hitler dropped out of high school at age 16 and went to Vienna, where he strove to become an artist, but was refused twice by the Vienna Art Academy. At the age of 14 he was freed when his hated father died - an event that he did not mourn. Adolf's attempt to run away at 11 was unsuccessful. His mild-mannered mother occasionally tried to shield him, but was ineffectual. Things got worse when Adolf's older brother, Alois Jr., ran away from home. He was frequently beaten by his authoritarian father. He was a slow learner and did poorly in school. Born the fourth of six children to Austrian customs officer Alois Hitler-who had been married twice before-and the former Klara Polzl, Adolf Hitler grew up in a small Austrian town in the late 19th century.
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